zcatgui/src/render/animation.zig

//! Animation System
//!
//! Provides easing functions and animation management for smooth transitions.
//! Supports various easing curves and animation lifecycle.

const std = @import("std");

/// Easing function type
pub const EasingFn = *const fn (f32) f32;

/// Standard easing functions
pub const Easing = struct {
    /// Linear interpolation (no easing)
    pub fn linear(t: f32) f32 {
        return t;
    }

    /// Quadratic ease-in
    pub fn easeInQuad(t: f32) f32 {
        return t * t;
    }

    /// Quadratic ease-out
    pub fn easeOutQuad(t: f32) f32 {
        return t * (2 - t);
    }

    /// Quadratic ease-in-out
    pub fn easeInOutQuad(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t < 0.5) {
            return 2 * t * t;
        } else {
            return -1 + (4 - 2 * t) * t;
        }
    }

    /// Cubic ease-in
    pub fn easeInCubic(t: f32) f32 {
        return t * t * t;
    }

    /// Cubic ease-out
    pub fn easeOutCubic(t: f32) f32 {
        const t1 = t - 1;
        return t1 * t1 * t1 + 1;
    }

    /// Cubic ease-in-out
    pub fn easeInOutCubic(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t < 0.5) {
            return 4 * t * t * t;
        } else {
            const t1 = 2 * t - 2;
            return 0.5 * t1 * t1 * t1 + 1;
        }
    }

    /// Quartic ease-in
    pub fn easeInQuart(t: f32) f32 {
        return t * t * t * t;
    }

    /// Quartic ease-out
    pub fn easeOutQuart(t: f32) f32 {
        const t1 = t - 1;
        return 1 - t1 * t1 * t1 * t1;
    }

    /// Quartic ease-in-out
    pub fn easeInOutQuart(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t < 0.5) {
            return 8 * t * t * t * t;
        } else {
            const t1 = t - 1;
            return 1 - 8 * t1 * t1 * t1 * t1;
        }
    }

    /// Sine ease-in
    pub fn easeInSine(t: f32) f32 {
        return 1 - @cos(t * std.math.pi / 2);
    }

    /// Sine ease-out
    pub fn easeOutSine(t: f32) f32 {
        return @sin(t * std.math.pi / 2);
    }

    /// Sine ease-in-out
    pub fn easeInOutSine(t: f32) f32 {
        return 0.5 * (1 - @cos(std.math.pi * t));
    }

    /// Exponential ease-in
    pub fn easeInExpo(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t == 0) return 0;
        return std.math.pow(f32, 2, 10 * (t - 1));
    }

    /// Exponential ease-out
    pub fn easeOutExpo(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t == 1) return 1;
        return 1 - std.math.pow(f32, 2, -10 * t);
    }

    /// Exponential ease-in-out
    pub fn easeInOutExpo(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t == 0) return 0;
        if (t == 1) return 1;
        if (t < 0.5) {
            return 0.5 * std.math.pow(f32, 2, 20 * t - 10);
        } else {
            return 1 - 0.5 * std.math.pow(f32, 2, -20 * t + 10);
        }
    }

    /// Elastic ease-in
    pub fn easeInElastic(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t == 0) return 0;
        if (t == 1) return 1;
        const p: f32 = 0.3;
        return -std.math.pow(f32, 2, 10 * (t - 1)) * @sin((t - 1 - p / 4) * 2 * std.math.pi / p);
    }

    /// Elastic ease-out
    pub fn easeOutElastic(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t == 0) return 0;
        if (t == 1) return 1;
        const p: f32 = 0.3;
        return std.math.pow(f32, 2, -10 * t) * @sin((t - p / 4) * 2 * std.math.pi / p) + 1;
    }

    /// Bounce ease-out
    pub fn easeOutBounce(t: f32) f32 {
        const n1: f32 = 7.5625;
        const d1: f32 = 2.75;

        if (t < 1 / d1) {
            return n1 * t * t;
        } else if (t < 2 / d1) {
            const t1 = t - 1.5 / d1;
            return n1 * t1 * t1 + 0.75;
        } else if (t < 2.5 / d1) {
            const t1 = t - 2.25 / d1;
            return n1 * t1 * t1 + 0.9375;
        } else {
            const t1 = t - 2.625 / d1;
            return n1 * t1 * t1 + 0.984375;
        }
    }

    /// Bounce ease-in
    pub fn easeInBounce(t: f32) f32 {
        return 1 - easeOutBounce(1 - t);
    }

    /// Bounce ease-in-out
    pub fn easeInOutBounce(t: f32) f32 {
        if (t < 0.5) {
            return 0.5 * easeInBounce(t * 2);
        } else {
            return 0.5 * easeOutBounce(t * 2 - 1) + 0.5;
        }
    }

    /// Back ease-in (overshoots)
    pub fn easeInBack(t: f32) f32 {
        const s: f32 = 1.70158;
        return t * t * ((s + 1) * t - s);
    }

    /// Back ease-out (overshoots)
    pub fn easeOutBack(t: f32) f32 {
        const s: f32 = 1.70158;
        const t1 = t - 1;
        return t1 * t1 * ((s + 1) * t1 + s) + 1;
    }

    /// Back ease-in-out (overshoots)
    pub fn easeInOutBack(t: f32) f32 {
        const s: f32 = 1.70158 * 1.525;
        if (t < 0.5) {
            return 0.5 * (4 * t * t * ((s + 1) * 2 * t - s));
        } else {
            const t1 = 2 * t - 2;
            return 0.5 * (t1 * t1 * ((s + 1) * t1 + s) + 2);
        }
    }
};

/// An animation from start to end value
pub const Animation = struct {
    /// Starting value
    start_value: f32,
    /// Target value
    end_value: f32,
    /// Duration in milliseconds
    duration_ms: u32,
    /// Easing function
    easing: EasingFn = Easing.linear,
    /// Start timestamp (ms)
    start_time: i64 = 0,
    /// Is animation running
    running: bool = false,
    /// Loop animation
    looping: bool = false,
    /// Ping-pong (reverse on loop)
    pingpong: bool = false,
    /// Current direction (for pingpong)
    reverse: bool = false,

    const Self = @This();

    /// Create a new animation
    pub fn create(start_val: f32, end_val: f32, duration_ms: u32, easing_fn: EasingFn) Self {
        return .{
            .start_value = start_val,
            .end_value = end_val,
            .duration_ms = duration_ms,
            .easing = easing_fn,
        };
    }

    /// Start the animation
    pub fn start(self: *Self, current_time_ms: i64) void {
        self.start_time = current_time_ms;
        self.running = true;
        self.reverse = false;
    }

    /// Stop the animation
    pub fn stop(self: *Self) void {
        self.running = false;
    }

    /// Get current animated value
    pub fn getValue(self: Self, current_time_ms: i64) f32 {
        if (!self.running) {
            return self.start_value;
        }

        const elapsed = current_time_ms - self.start_time;
        if (elapsed < 0) return self.start_value;

        var t = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(elapsed)) / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.duration_ms));

        if (t >= 1.0) {
            if (self.looping) {
                if (self.pingpong) {
                    // Would handle loop logic here
                    t = 1.0;
                } else {
                    t = @mod(t, 1.0);
                }
            } else {
                t = 1.0;
            }
        }

        const eased = self.easing(t);

        if (self.reverse) {
            return self.end_value + (self.start_value - self.end_value) * eased;
        } else {
            return self.start_value + (self.end_value - self.start_value) * eased;
        }
    }

    /// Check if animation is complete
    pub fn isComplete(self: Self, current_time_ms: i64) bool {
        if (!self.running) return true;
        if (self.looping) return false;

        const elapsed = current_time_ms - self.start_time;
        return elapsed >= @as(i64, @intCast(self.duration_ms));
    }

    /// Get progress (0.0 - 1.0)
    pub fn getProgress(self: Self, current_time_ms: i64) f32 {
        if (!self.running) return 0;

        const elapsed = current_time_ms - self.start_time;
        if (elapsed < 0) return 0;

        const t = @as(f32, @floatFromInt(elapsed)) / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.duration_ms));
        return @min(1.0, @max(0.0, t));
    }
};

/// Maximum concurrent animations
const MAX_ANIMATIONS = 128;

/// Animation manager for tracking multiple animations
pub const AnimationManager = struct {
    animations: [MAX_ANIMATIONS]struct {
        id: u64,
        anim: Animation,
        active: bool,
    } = undefined,
    count: usize = 0,

    const Self = @This();

    /// Initialize manager
    pub fn init() Self {
        var manager = Self{};
        for (&manager.animations) |*slot| {
            slot.active = false;
        }
        return manager;
    }

    /// Start a new animation
    pub fn startAnimation(self: *Self, id: u64, anim: Animation, current_time_ms: i64) void {
        // Check if already exists
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < self.count) : (i += 1) {
            if (self.animations[i].active and self.animations[i].id == id) {
                self.animations[i].anim = anim;
                self.animations[i].anim.start(current_time_ms);
                return;
            }
        }

        // Add new
        if (self.count < MAX_ANIMATIONS) {
            self.animations[self.count] = .{
                .id = id,
                .anim = anim,
                .active = true,
            };
            self.animations[self.count].anim.start(current_time_ms);
            self.count += 1;
        }
    }

    /// Stop an animation
    pub fn stopAnimation(self: *Self, id: u64) void {
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < self.count) : (i += 1) {
            if (self.animations[i].active and self.animations[i].id == id) {
                self.animations[i].anim.stop();
                self.animations[i].active = false;
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    /// Get animation value
    pub fn getValue(self: Self, id: u64, current_time_ms: i64) ?f32 {
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < self.count) : (i += 1) {
            const slot = self.animations[i];
            if (slot.active and slot.id == id) {
                return slot.anim.getValue(current_time_ms);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /// Check if animation exists and is running
    pub fn isRunning(self: Self, id: u64) bool {
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < self.count) : (i += 1) {
            const slot = self.animations[i];
            if (slot.active and slot.id == id) {
                return slot.anim.running;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /// Update animations, removing completed ones
    pub fn update(self: *Self, current_time_ms: i64) void {
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < self.count) : (i += 1) {
            if (self.animations[i].active and
                self.animations[i].anim.isComplete(current_time_ms) and
                !self.animations[i].anim.looping)
            {
                self.animations[i].active = false;
            }
        }

        // Compact array
        self.compact();
    }

    /// Remove inactive animations
    fn compact(self: *Self) void {
        var write_idx: usize = 0;
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < self.count) : (i += 1) {
            const slot = self.animations[i];
            if (slot.active) {
                self.animations[write_idx] = slot;
                write_idx += 1;
            }
        }
        self.count = write_idx;
    }

    /// Get count of active animations
    pub fn activeCount(self: Self) usize {
        var cnt: usize = 0;
        var i: usize = 0;
        while (i < self.count) : (i += 1) {
            if (self.animations[i].active) cnt += 1;
        }
        return cnt;
    }
};

/// Interpolate between two values
pub fn lerp(a: f32, b: f32, t: f32) f32 {
    return a + (b - a) * t;
}

/// Interpolate between two integers
pub fn lerpInt(a: i32, b: i32, t: f32) i32 {
    return a + @as(i32, @intFromFloat(@as(f32, @floatFromInt(b - a)) * t));
}

// =============================================================================
// Tests
// =============================================================================

test "Easing linear" {
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 0.0), Easing.linear(0.0));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 0.5), Easing.linear(0.5));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 1.0), Easing.linear(1.0));
}

test "Easing quadratic" {
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 0.0), Easing.easeInQuad(0.0));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 1.0), Easing.easeInQuad(1.0));
    try std.testing.expect(Easing.easeInQuad(0.5) < 0.5); // Slower start

    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 0.0), Easing.easeOutQuad(0.0));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 1.0), Easing.easeOutQuad(1.0));
    try std.testing.expect(Easing.easeOutQuad(0.5) > 0.5); // Faster start
}

test "Animation create and getValue" {
    var anim = Animation.create(0, 100, 1000, Easing.linear);
    anim.start(0);

    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 0), anim.getValue(0));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 50), anim.getValue(500));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 100), anim.getValue(1000));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 100), anim.getValue(1500)); // Clamped
}

test "Animation isComplete" {
    var anim = Animation.create(0, 100, 1000, Easing.linear);
    anim.start(0);

    try std.testing.expect(!anim.isComplete(500));
    try std.testing.expect(anim.isComplete(1000));
    try std.testing.expect(anim.isComplete(1500));
}

test "AnimationManager basic" {
    var manager = AnimationManager.init();

    manager.startAnimation(1, Animation.create(0, 100, 1000, Easing.linear), 0);
    try std.testing.expect(manager.isRunning(1));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(?f32, 50), manager.getValue(1, 500));

    manager.stopAnimation(1);
    try std.testing.expect(!manager.isRunning(1));
}

test "AnimationManager update" {
    var manager = AnimationManager.init();

    manager.startAnimation(1, Animation.create(0, 100, 100, Easing.linear), 0);
    manager.startAnimation(2, Animation.create(0, 100, 200, Easing.linear), 0);

    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), manager.count);

    manager.update(150);
    // Animation 1 should be removed (complete), 2 still active
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), manager.activeCount());
}

test "lerp" {
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 0.0), lerp(0, 100, 0));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 50.0), lerp(0, 100, 0.5));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 100.0), lerp(0, 100, 1.0));
}

// =============================================================================
// Spring Physics (Gio parity)
// =============================================================================

/// Spring animation configuration
pub const SpringConfig = struct {
    /// Spring stiffness (higher = faster)
    stiffness: f32 = 100.0,
    /// Damping factor (higher = less oscillation)
    damping: f32 = 10.0,
    /// Mass (higher = more momentum)
    mass: f32 = 1.0,
};

/// Spring animation state for physics-based animations
pub const Spring = struct {
    /// Current position
    position: f32 = 0.0,
    /// Current velocity
    velocity: f32 = 0.0,
    /// Target position
    target: f32 = 0.0,
    /// Configuration
    config: SpringConfig = .{},
    /// Threshold for considering settled
    threshold: f32 = 0.001,

    const Self = @This();

    /// Create a spring from initial to target
    pub fn create(initial: f32, target_val: f32, config: SpringConfig) Self {
        return .{
            .position = initial,
            .target = target_val,
            .config = config,
        };
    }

    /// Update spring physics by delta time (seconds)
    pub fn update(self: *Self, dt: f32) void {
        const displacement = self.position - self.target;
        const spring_force = -self.config.stiffness * displacement;
        const damping_force = -self.config.damping * self.velocity;
        const acceleration = (spring_force + damping_force) / self.config.mass;

        self.velocity += acceleration * dt;
        self.position += self.velocity * dt;
    }

    /// Check if spring has settled at target
    pub fn isSettled(self: *const Self) bool {
        const displacement = @abs(self.position - self.target);
        return displacement < self.threshold and @abs(self.velocity) < self.threshold;
    }

    /// Set new target position
    pub fn setTarget(self: *Self, new_target: f32) void {
        self.target = new_target;
    }

    /// Snap to target immediately
    pub fn snap(self: *Self) void {
        self.position = self.target;
        self.velocity = 0;
    }

    /// Get current value
    pub fn getValue(self: *const Self) f32 {
        return self.position;
    }
};

test "Spring physics basic" {
    var spring = Spring.create(0.0, 100.0, .{
        .stiffness = 100.0,
        .damping = 10.0,
    });

    // Simulate several frames
    var i: usize = 0;
    while (i < 200) : (i += 1) {
        spring.update(0.016); // ~60fps
    }

    // Should be close to target and settled
    try std.testing.expect(@abs(spring.position - spring.target) < 1.0);
    try std.testing.expect(spring.isSettled());
}

test "Spring snap" {
    var spring = Spring.create(0.0, 100.0, .{});
    spring.snap();

    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 100.0), spring.position);
    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(f32, 0.0), spring.velocity);
}