diff --git a/src/panels/detail/base.zig b/src/panels/detail/base.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccf5061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/panels/detail/base.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+//! DetailPanelBase - Funcionalidad comun para paneles de detalle/edicion
+//!
+//! Proporciona:
+//! - Maquina de estados (8 estados)
+//! - Semaforo visual (indicador de estado)
+//! - Botones de accion (Nuevo, Guardar, Eliminar)
+//! - Botones de navegacion (|< < > >|)
+//! - Escape progresivo
+//! - Timer de estado saved
+//!
+//! Uso: Incluir como campo en paneles de detalle concretos.
+//!
+//! ```zig
+//! const WhoDetailPanel = struct {
+//!     base: DetailPanelBase,
+//!     // campos especificos...
+//!
+//!     pub fn draw(self: *Self, ctx: *Context, rect: Rect) void {
+//!         self.base.updateSavedTimer();
+//!         self.base.drawSemaphore(ctx, rect);
+//!         // dibujar campos especificos...
+//!         const actions = self.base.drawActionButtons(ctx, rect, y, .{...});
+//!         if (actions.save_clicked) self.save();
+//!     }
+//! };
+//! ```
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const zcatgui = @import("../../zcatgui.zig");
+const Context = zcatgui.Context;
+const Rect = zcatgui.Rect;
+const Color = zcatgui.Color;
+const widgets = zcatgui.widgets;
+
+const state_module = @import("state.zig");
+pub const DetailPanelState = state_module.DetailPanelState;
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Result Types
+// =============================================================================
+
+/// Resultado del escape progresivo
+pub const EscapeResult = enum {
+    /// Se revirtieron los cambios pendientes
+    consumed_revert,
+    /// Se limpio el formulario
+    consumed_clear,
+    /// El panel no consumio ESC (pasar al nivel superior)
+    not_consumed,
+};
+
+/// Resultado de los botones de accion
+pub const ActionButtonsResult = struct {
+    new_clicked: bool = false,
+    save_clicked: bool = false,
+    delete_clicked: bool = false,
+};
+
+/// Resultado de los botones de navegacion
+pub const NavButtonsResult = struct {
+    first_clicked: bool = false,
+    prev_clicked: bool = false,
+    next_clicked: bool = false,
+    last_clicked: bool = false,
+};
+
+/// Opciones para botones de accion
+pub const ActionButtonsOpts = struct {
+    /// Puede guardar (hay cambios y datos validos)
+    can_save: bool = false,
+    /// Puede eliminar (registro existente)
+    can_delete: bool = false,
+    /// Ancho de cada boton
+    button_width: u32 = 80,
+    /// Alto de cada boton
+    button_height: u32 = 28,
+    /// Espacio entre botones
+    spacing: i32 = 8,
+};
+
+/// Opciones para botones de navegacion
+pub const NavButtonsOpts = struct {
+    /// Indice actual (0-based), null si no hay seleccion
+    current_index: ?usize = null,
+    /// Total de registros
+    total_count: usize = 0,
+    /// Puede ir al primero
+    can_first: bool = false,
+    /// Puede ir al anterior
+    can_prev: bool = false,
+    /// Puede ir al siguiente
+    can_next: bool = false,
+    /// Puede ir al ultimo
+    can_last: bool = false,
+    /// Ancho de cada boton
+    button_width: u32 = 40,
+    /// Alto de cada boton
+    button_height: u32 = 28,
+};
+
+// =============================================================================
+// DetailPanelBase
+// =============================================================================
+
+/// Base para paneles de detalle/edicion de entidades
+pub const DetailPanelBase = struct {
+    /// Estado actual del panel
+    state: DetailPanelState = .empty,
+    /// Timestamp del ultimo guardado (para timer de estado saved)
+    saved_timer: i64 = 0,
+    /// Mensaje de error actual (si hay)
+    error_message: ?[]const u8 = null,
+
+    const Self = @This();
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Timer de estado saved
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    /// Actualiza el timer del estado saved.
+    /// Llamar en cada frame/draw.
+    /// Transiciona automaticamente de saved -> viewing despues de 2 segundos.
+    pub fn updateSavedTimer(self: *Self) void {
+        if (self.state == .saved) {
+            const elapsed = std.time.milliTimestamp() - self.saved_timer;
+            if (elapsed >= 2000) {
+                self.state = .viewing;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Transiciones de estado
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    /// Marca el panel como guardado exitosamente.
+    /// Inicia el timer para volver a viewing.
+    pub fn markSaved(self: *Self) void {
+        self.state = .saved;
+        self.saved_timer = std.time.milliTimestamp();
+        self.error_message = null;
+    }
+
+    /// Marca el panel con error de guardado.
+    pub fn markError(self: *Self, message: []const u8) void {
+        self.state = .error_save;
+        self.error_message = message;
+    }
+
+    /// Limpia el error y vuelve al estado anterior.
+    pub fn clearError(self: *Self, has_entity: bool) void {
+        self.error_message = null;
+        self.state = if (has_entity) .editing else .new;
+    }
+
+    /// Transiciona a estado de edicion (si estaba en viewing).
+    pub fn beginEditing(self: *Self) void {
+        if (self.state == .viewing) {
+            self.state = .editing;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Transiciona a estado nuevo.
+    pub fn beginNew(self: *Self) void {
+        self.state = .new;
+        self.error_message = null;
+    }
+
+    /// Transiciona a estado vacio.
+    pub fn clear(self: *Self) void {
+        self.state = .empty;
+        self.error_message = null;
+    }
+
+    /// Transiciona a estado viewing (despues de cargar datos).
+    pub fn setViewing(self: *Self) void {
+        self.state = .viewing;
+        self.error_message = null;
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Escape progresivo
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    /// Maneja el escape progresivo.
+    ///
+    /// Logica:
+    /// 1. Si hay error -> limpiar error, quedarse en edicion
+    /// 2. Si hay cambios (y no es nuevo) -> revertir (caller debe hacerlo)
+    /// 3. Si tiene entidad o es nuevo -> limpiar formulario (caller debe hacerlo)
+    /// 4. Si no consumido -> devolver control (ir a panel anterior)
+    ///
+    /// Params:
+    /// - has_changes: true si hay cambios pendientes en los campos
+    /// - has_entity: true si hay una entidad cargada (uuid != null)
+    ///
+    /// Returns: EscapeResult indicando que accion tomar
+    pub fn handleEscape(self: *Self, has_changes: bool, has_entity: bool) EscapeResult {
+        // 1. Si hay error, limpiar y quedarse
+        if (self.state == .error_save) {
+            self.clearError(has_entity);
+            return .consumed_revert;
+        }
+
+        // 2. Si hay cambios y no es nuevo, revertir
+        if (has_changes and self.state != .new) {
+            self.state = .viewing;
+            return .consumed_revert; // Caller debe revertir campos
+        }
+
+        // 3. Si tiene entidad cargada o es nuevo, limpiar
+        if (has_entity or self.state == .new) {
+            return .consumed_clear; // Caller debe limpiar formulario
+        }
+
+        // 4. No consumido, pasar al nivel superior
+        return .not_consumed;
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Dibujo: Semaforo
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    /// Dibuja el semaforo de estado en la esquina superior izquierda del rect.
+    ///
+    /// Muestra:
+    /// - Cuadrado de color (12x12) indicando el estado
+    /// - Texto del estado en la esquina superior derecha
+    pub fn drawSemaphore(self: *Self, ctx: *Context, rect: Rect) void {
+        const state_color = self.state.getColor();
+        const state_text = self.state.getText();
+
+        // Cuadrado de color (indicador visual)
+        ctx.pushCommand(.{ .rect = .{
+            .x = rect.x + 8,
+            .y = rect.y + 4,
+            .w = 12,
+            .h = 12,
+            .color = state_color,
+        } });
+
+        // Texto del estado (esquina derecha)
+        const text_x = rect.x + @as(i32, @intCast(rect.w)) - 80;
+        ctx.pushCommand(.{ .text = .{
+            .x = text_x,
+            .y = rect.y + 4,
+            .text = state_text,
+            .color = state_color,
+        } });
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Dibujo: Botones de accion
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    /// Dibuja los botones de accion (Nuevo, Guardar, Eliminar).
+    ///
+    /// Params:
+    /// - ctx: Contexto de dibujo
+    /// - rect: Rectangulo del panel
+    /// - y: Posicion Y donde dibujar los botones
+    /// - opts: Opciones (can_save, can_delete, dimensiones)
+    ///
+    /// Returns: ActionButtonsResult con los botones clickeados
+    pub fn drawActionButtons(self: *Self, ctx: *Context, rect: Rect, y: i32, opts: ActionButtonsOpts) ActionButtonsResult {
+        _ = self;
+        var result = ActionButtonsResult{};
+
+        const x = rect.x + 8;
+        const bw = opts.button_width;
+        const bh = opts.button_height;
+        const sp = opts.spacing;
+
+        // Boton Nuevo (siempre habilitado)
+        if (widgets.button.buttonRect(ctx, .{
+            .x = x,
+            .y = y,
+            .w = bw,
+            .h = bh,
+        }, "Nuevo", .{})) {
+            result.new_clicked = true;
+        }
+
+        // Boton Guardar
+        if (widgets.button.buttonRect(ctx, .{
+            .x = x + @as(i32, @intCast(bw)) + sp,
+            .y = y,
+            .w = bw,
+            .h = bh,
+        }, "Guardar", .{ .disabled = !opts.can_save })) {
+            result.save_clicked = true;
+        }
+
+        // Boton Eliminar
+        if (widgets.button.buttonRect(ctx, .{
+            .x = x + @as(i32, @intCast(bw)) * 2 + sp * 2,
+            .y = y,
+            .w = bw,
+            .h = bh,
+        }, "Eliminar", .{ .disabled = !opts.can_delete })) {
+            result.delete_clicked = true;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Dibujo: Botones de navegacion
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    /// Dibuja los botones de navegacion (|< < > >|) y el indicador de posicion.
+    ///
+    /// Params:
+    /// - ctx: Contexto de dibujo
+    /// - rect: Rectangulo del panel
+    /// - y: Posicion Y donde dibujar los botones
+    /// - opts: Opciones de navegacion
+    ///
+    /// Returns: NavButtonsResult con los botones clickeados
+    pub fn drawNavButtons(self: *Self, ctx: *Context, rect: Rect, y: i32, opts: NavButtonsOpts) NavButtonsResult {
+        _ = self;
+        var result = NavButtonsResult{};
+
+        const x = rect.x + 8;
+        const bw = opts.button_width;
+        const bh = opts.button_height;
+
+        // |< Primero
+        if (widgets.button.buttonRect(ctx, .{
+            .x = x,
+            .y = y,
+            .w = bw,
+            .h = bh,
+        }, "|<", .{ .disabled = !opts.can_first })) {
+            result.first_clicked = true;
+        }
+
+        // < Anterior
+        if (widgets.button.buttonRect(ctx, .{
+            .x = x + @as(i32, @intCast(bw)) + 4,
+            .y = y,
+            .w = bw,
+            .h = bh,
+        }, "<", .{ .disabled = !opts.can_prev })) {
+            result.prev_clicked = true;
+        }
+
+        // > Siguiente
+        if (widgets.button.buttonRect(ctx, .{
+            .x = x + @as(i32, @intCast(bw)) * 2 + 8,
+            .y = y,
+            .w = bw,
+            .h = bh,
+        }, ">", .{ .disabled = !opts.can_next })) {
+            result.next_clicked = true;
+        }
+
+        // >| Ultimo
+        if (widgets.button.buttonRect(ctx, .{
+            .x = x + @as(i32, @intCast(bw)) * 3 + 12,
+            .y = y,
+            .w = bw,
+            .h = bh,
+        }, ">|", .{ .disabled = !opts.can_last })) {
+            result.last_clicked = true;
+        }
+
+        // Indicador de posicion (ej: "15/520")
+        if (opts.current_index != null and opts.total_count > 0) {
+            const theme = zcatgui.Style.currentTheme();
+            var pos_buf: [32]u8 = undefined;
+            const pos_text = std.fmt.bufPrint(&pos_buf, "{d}/{d}", .{
+                opts.current_index.? + 1,
+                opts.total_count,
+            }) catch "?/?";
+
+            const pos_x = x + @as(i32, @intCast(bw)) * 4 + 24;
+            ctx.pushCommand(.{ .text = .{
+                .x = pos_x,
+                .y = y + 6,
+                .text = pos_text,
+                .color = theme.text_secondary,
+            } });
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // =========================================================================
+    // Dibujo: Mensaje de error
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    /// Dibuja el mensaje de error si hay uno.
+    pub fn drawErrorMessage(self: *Self, ctx: *Context, rect: Rect, y: i32) void {
+        if (self.state == .error_save) {
+            if (self.error_message) |msg| {
+                ctx.pushCommand(.{ .text = .{
+                    .x = rect.x + 8,
+                    .y = y,
+                    .text = msg,
+                    .color = Color{ .r = 231, .g = 76, .b = 60, .a = 255 },
+                } });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Tests
+// =============================================================================
+
+test "DetailPanelBase state transitions" {
+    var base = DetailPanelBase{};
+
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(DetailPanelState.empty, base.state);
+
+    base.setViewing();
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(DetailPanelState.viewing, base.state);
+
+    base.beginEditing();
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(DetailPanelState.editing, base.state);
+
+    base.markSaved();
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(DetailPanelState.saved, base.state);
+
+    base.clear();
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(DetailPanelState.empty, base.state);
+}
+
+test "DetailPanelBase error handling" {
+    var base = DetailPanelBase{};
+
+    base.markError("Test error");
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(DetailPanelState.error_save, base.state);
+    try std.testing.expect(base.error_message != null);
+
+    base.clearError(true);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(DetailPanelState.editing, base.state);
+    try std.testing.expect(base.error_message == null);
+}
+
+test "DetailPanelBase escape logic" {
+    var base = DetailPanelBase{};
+
+    // Empty panel -> not consumed
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(EscapeResult.not_consumed, base.handleEscape(false, false));
+
+    // Viewing with entity -> clear
+    base.state = .viewing;
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(EscapeResult.consumed_clear, base.handleEscape(false, true));
+
+    // Editing with changes -> revert
+    base.state = .editing;
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(EscapeResult.consumed_revert, base.handleEscape(true, true));
+
+    // Error -> revert (clear error)
+    base.state = .error_save;
+    base.error_message = "test";
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(EscapeResult.consumed_revert, base.handleEscape(false, true));
+    try std.testing.expect(base.error_message == null);
+}
diff --git a/src/panels/detail/detail.zig b/src/panels/detail/detail.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f51a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/panels/detail/detail.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+//! Detail Panel Module - Componentes para paneles de detalle/edicion
+//!
+//! Este modulo proporciona la infraestructura comun para paneles que
+//! muestran y editan fichas/registros individuales (ej: Cliente, Documento, Producto).
+//!
+//! Componentes:
+//! - DetailPanelState: Maquina de 8 estados para ciclo de vida de edicion
+//! - DetailPanelBase: Funcionalidad comun (semaforo, botones, escape progresivo)
+//!
+//! Ejemplo de uso:
+//! ```zig
+//! const detail = @import("zcatgui").panels.detail;
+//!
+//! pub const CustomerDetailPanel = struct {
+//!     base: detail.DetailPanelBase,
+//!     name_input: widgets.TextInputState,
+//!     // ...
+//!
+//!     pub fn draw(self: *Self, ctx: *Context, rect: Rect) void {
+//!         self.base.updateSavedTimer();
+//!         self.base.drawSemaphore(ctx, rect);
+//!         // dibujar campos...
+//!         const actions = self.base.drawActionButtons(ctx, rect, y, .{
+//!             .can_save = self.base.state.canSave(),
+//!             .can_delete = self.base.state.canDelete(),
+//!         });
+//!         if (actions.save_clicked) self.save();
+//!     }
+//! };
+//! ```
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+// Re-exports
+pub const state = @import("state.zig");
+pub const base = @import("base.zig");
+
+// Tipos principales
+pub const DetailPanelState = state.DetailPanelState;
+pub const DetailPanelBase = base.DetailPanelBase;
+pub const EscapeResult = base.EscapeResult;
+pub const ActionButtonsResult = base.ActionButtonsResult;
+pub const NavButtonsResult = base.NavButtonsResult;
+pub const ActionButtonsOpts = base.ActionButtonsOpts;
+pub const NavButtonsOpts = base.NavButtonsOpts;
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Tests
+// =============================================================================
+
+test {
+    std.testing.refAllDecls(@This());
+}
diff --git a/src/panels/detail/state.zig b/src/panels/detail/state.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac9429e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/panels/detail/state.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+//! DetailPanelState - Maquina de estados para paneles de detalle/edicion
+//!
+//! Define los 8 estados posibles de un panel de edicion de fichas
+//! y sus propiedades visuales (color, simbolo, texto).
+//!
+//! Uso tipico: paneles de detalle de entidades (Cliente, Documento, Producto)
+
+const zcatgui = @import("../../zcatgui.zig");
+const Color = zcatgui.Color;
+
+/// Estados posibles de un panel de detalle/edicion
+pub const DetailPanelState = enum {
+    /// Panel vacio, sin datos cargados
+    empty,
+    /// Mostrando registro existente (sin cambios pendientes)
+    viewing,
+    /// Registro existente con cambios pendientes
+    editing,
+    /// Creando registro nuevo (antes de guardar)
+    new,
+    /// Guardando en BD (estado transitorio)
+    saving,
+    /// Guardado exitoso (temporal ~2 segundos)
+    saved,
+    /// Error al guardar
+    error_save,
+    /// Confirmando eliminacion
+    deleting,
+
+    /// Retorna el color del semaforo para este estado
+    pub fn getColor(self: DetailPanelState) Color {
+        return switch (self) {
+            .empty => Color{ .r = 128, .g = 128, .b = 128, .a = 255 }, // Gris
+            .viewing => Color{ .r = 39, .g = 174, .b = 96, .a = 255 }, // Verde
+            .editing => Color{ .r = 241, .g = 196, .b = 15, .a = 255 }, // Amarillo
+            .new => Color{ .r = 52, .g = 152, .b = 219, .a = 255 }, // Azul
+            .saving => Color{ .r = 241, .g = 196, .b = 15, .a = 255 }, // Amarillo
+            .saved => Color{ .r = 46, .g = 204, .b = 113, .a = 255 }, // Verde brillante
+            .error_save => Color{ .r = 231, .g = 76, .b = 60, .a = 255 }, // Rojo
+            .deleting => Color{ .r = 231, .g = 76, .b = 60, .a = 255 }, // Rojo
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Retorna el simbolo del semaforo para este estado (ASCII safe)
+    pub fn getSymbol(self: DetailPanelState) []const u8 {
+        return switch (self) {
+            .empty => "o", // Circulo vacio
+            .viewing => "*", // Circulo lleno
+            .editing => "~", // Modificado
+            .new => "+", // Nuevo
+            .saving => "...", // Procesando
+            .saved => "OK", // Exito
+            .error_save => "X", // Error
+            .deleting => "!", // Advertencia
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Retorna el texto descriptivo del estado
+    pub fn getText(self: DetailPanelState) []const u8 {
+        return switch (self) {
+            .empty => "Vacio",
+            .viewing => "Viendo",
+            .editing => "Editando",
+            .new => "Nuevo",
+            .saving => "Guardando...",
+            .saved => "Guardado",
+            .error_save => "Error",
+            .deleting => "Eliminar?",
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Verifica si el estado permite guardar
+    pub fn canSave(self: DetailPanelState) bool {
+        return self == .editing or self == .new;
+    }
+
+    /// Verifica si el estado permite eliminar
+    pub fn canDelete(self: DetailPanelState) bool {
+        return self == .viewing or self == .editing;
+    }
+
+    /// Verifica si el estado tiene cambios pendientes
+    pub fn isDirty(self: DetailPanelState) bool {
+        return self == .editing or self == .new;
+    }
+
+    /// Verifica si el estado es de error
+    pub fn isError(self: DetailPanelState) bool {
+        return self == .error_save;
+    }
+
+    /// Verifica si el panel tiene datos cargados
+    pub fn hasData(self: DetailPanelState) bool {
+        return self != .empty;
+    }
+};
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Tests
+// =============================================================================
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+test "DetailPanelState colors" {
+    // Verificar que cada estado tiene un color definido
+    const states = [_]DetailPanelState{
+        .empty, .viewing, .editing, .new, .saving, .saved, .error_save, .deleting,
+    };
+
+    for (states) |state| {
+        const color = state.getColor();
+        // Alpha siempre debe ser 255
+        try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 255), color.a);
+    }
+}
+
+test "DetailPanelState canSave" {
+    try std.testing.expect(!DetailPanelState.empty.canSave());
+    try std.testing.expect(!DetailPanelState.viewing.canSave());
+    try std.testing.expect(DetailPanelState.editing.canSave());
+    try std.testing.expect(DetailPanelState.new.canSave());
+    try std.testing.expect(!DetailPanelState.saved.canSave());
+}
+
+test "DetailPanelState canDelete" {
+    try std.testing.expect(!DetailPanelState.empty.canDelete());
+    try std.testing.expect(DetailPanelState.viewing.canDelete());
+    try std.testing.expect(DetailPanelState.editing.canDelete());
+    try std.testing.expect(!DetailPanelState.new.canDelete());
+}
+
+test "DetailPanelState isDirty" {
+    try std.testing.expect(!DetailPanelState.empty.isDirty());
+    try std.testing.expect(!DetailPanelState.viewing.isDirty());
+    try std.testing.expect(DetailPanelState.editing.isDirty());
+    try std.testing.expect(DetailPanelState.new.isDirty());
+}
diff --git a/src/panels/panels.zig b/src/panels/panels.zig
index e441ade..a88f566 100644
--- a/src/panels/panels.zig
+++ b/src/panels/panels.zig
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 //! - AutonomousPanel: Self-contained UI component
 //! - Composite patterns: Vertical, Horizontal, Split, Tab, Grid
 //! - DataManager: Observer pattern for panel communication
+//! - Detail: Components for detail/edit panels (state machine, semaphore, buttons)
 //!
 //! Architecture based on Simifactu's Lego Panels system:
 //! - Panels are autonomous (own state, UI, logic)
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 pub const panel = @import("panel.zig");
 pub const composite = @import("composite.zig");
 pub const data_manager = @import("data_manager.zig");
+pub const detail = @import("detail/detail.zig");
 
 // =============================================================================
 // Panel types
@@ -58,6 +60,18 @@ pub const ObserverCallback = data_manager.ObserverCallback;
 pub const getDataManager = data_manager.getDataManager;
 pub const setDataManager = data_manager.setDataManager;
 
+// =============================================================================
+// Detail Panel types (for edit/detail panels)
+// =============================================================================
+
+pub const DetailPanelState = detail.DetailPanelState;
+pub const DetailPanelBase = detail.DetailPanelBase;
+pub const EscapeResult = detail.EscapeResult;
+pub const ActionButtonsResult = detail.ActionButtonsResult;
+pub const NavButtonsResult = detail.NavButtonsResult;
+pub const ActionButtonsOpts = detail.ActionButtonsOpts;
+pub const NavButtonsOpts = detail.NavButtonsOpts;
+
 // =============================================================================
 // Tests
 // =============================================================================